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--- en:multiasm:piot:chapter_4_2 [2024/09/27 20:54] – pczekalski
+++ en:multiasm:piot:chapter_4_2 [2025/05/31 06:13] (current) – marcin
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== Specific Elements of AVR Architecture ======
+AVR is an extension of the idea presented in Vegard Wollan and Alf-Egil Bogen's thesis. Together with Gaute Myklebust, they patented the architecture, and in 1996, Atmel Norway was established as the AVR microcontroller design center. In 2016, Microchip acquired Atmel.
+AVR architecture is a popular choice for microcontrollers due to its efficiency and versatility. Here are some specific elements that define the AVR architecture:
+  * RISC Architecture: AVR microcontrollers are based on the RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) architecture, which allows them to execute instructions in a single clock cycle. This results in high performance and low power consumption.
+  * Harvard Architecture: AVR utilizes the Harvard architecture, which features separate memory spaces for program code and data. This separation allows simultaneous access to both memories, increasing processing speed.
+  * On-chip Memory: AVR microcontrollers feature built-in flash memory for storing program code, as well as SRAM and EEPROM for data storage. This integration simplifies design and improves reliability.
+  * General-purpose Registers: They contain 32 x 8-bit general-purpose registers, facilitating efficient data manipulation and quick access during operations.
+  * Interrupts: AVR microcontrollers support internal and external interrupt sources.
+  * Real Time Counter (RTC): Timer/Counter Type 2 (TC2) general-purpose, dual-channel, 8-bit timer/counter module. This timer/counter allows clocking from an external 32 kHz watch crystal
+  * I/O Capabilities: AVR microcontrollers offer various programmable I/O lines, allowing flexible interfacing with external devices and peripherals.
+  * Watchdog Timer: A programmable watchdog timer enhances system reliability by resetting the microcontroller in the event of software failure.
+  * Clock Oscillator: The built-in RC oscillator provides the necessary clock signals for the microcontroller's operation.
+{{:en:multiasm:piot:architecture.gif?400|}}
+Other Architectures:
+PIC
+  * Manufacturer: Microchip Technology
+  * Architecture: RISC
+  * PIC16: 8-bit microcontrollers, various versions with different peripheral sets, low power consumption
+  * PIC18: 8-bit microcontrollers with advanced features such as CAN FD
+  * PIC32: 32-bit microcontrollers, high performance, wide range of applications
+ESP8266/ESP32
+  * Manufacturer: Espressif Systems
+  * Architecture: Tensilica Xtensa (extended version based on RISC)
+  * ESP8266: Single-core processor, 80 MHz (overclockable to 160 MHz), 32 KB RAM, 80 KB user RAM, Wi-Fi
+  * ESP32: Dual-core processor, 240 MHz, 520 KB SRAM, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, more GPIO
+TI MSP430
+  * Manufacturer: Texas Instruments
+  * Architecture: RISC
+  * MSP430: 16-bit microcontrollers, ultra-low power consumption, advanced analog peripherals, fast switching between modes

en/multiasm/piot/chapter_4_2.1727470474.txt.gz · Last modified: 2024/09/27 20:54 by pczekalski