Module: Hardware and Sensing Technologies (Part 1)

Study level Bachelor
ECTS credits 1 ECTS
Study forms Hybrid or fully online
Module aims The aim of the module is to provide a practical foundation in sensing hardware, embedded communication and navigation/positioning for autonomous systems. The course develops students’ ability to design, integrate and validate multi-sensor and actuator setups on embedded platforms, taking into account interface compatibility, timing, power and electromagnetic constraints to build reliable autonomy-ready platforms.
Pre-requirements Basic knowledge of electronics and programming, as well as introductory control and linear algebra. Ability to work with Linux-based tools and version control is beneficial, while prior experience with microcontrollers or single-board computers is recommended but not mandatory.
Learning outcomes Knowledge
• Explain operating principles and specs of common sensors and actuators.
• Describe embedded communication protocols and timing/synchronisation concepts.
• Outline the hardware integration lifecycle, calibration methods, environmental/EMC testing, and safety/quality standards.
Skills
• Select appropriate sensors/computing units for a given task and justify trade-offs of accuracy, latency, power and cost.
• Configure and bring up device buses, log and interpret sensor data, and perform basic multi-sensor calibration.
• Build a minimal HIL test to validate a perception/control loop and document results.
Understanding
• Recognize integration risks and propose mitigations.
• Appreciate supply chain constraints and obsolescence planning when choosing components.
• Work safely, ethically and reproducibly, documenting configurations and changes.
Topics 1. Sensors, Computing Units, and Navigation Systems:
— Sensor taxonomy and specs (IMU, GNSS, magnetometer, LiDAR, depth, camera); calibration (extrinsics/IMU alignment).
— Embedded computing: MCUs vs. SoCs (CPU/GPU/accelerators), power/thermal design, memory and I/O.
— Navigation and positioning: GNSS/IMU basics, odometry, sensor fusion concepts.
2. Embedded Protocols and Communication Backbones:
— I²C/SPI/UART fundamentals; CAN/CAN-FD; Ethernet, TSN concepts; DDS/ROS2 communications.
3. Integration Lifecycle and Reliability:
— Requirements → interface design → assembly → HIL/SIL → environmental & EMC testing; timing/synchronisation; redundancy.
4. Supply Chain & Lifecycle Considerations:
— Component availability, quality/traceability, cybersecurity (SBOM/firmware signing), and obsolescence planning.
Type of assessment The prerequisite of a positive grade is a positive evaluation of module topics and presentation of practical work results with required documentation
Learning methods Lecture — Concept overviews with worked hardware schematics and bus timing examples.
Lab works — Hands-on bring-up of sensors and a microcontroller/SBC, bus sniffing, timestamping and calibration; mini HIL demo.
Individual assignments — Short design/calculation tasks (component selection, interface budgets) with a brief technical note.
Self-learning — Curated readings and datasheets; recommended MOOC videos to reinforce embedded and navigation concepts.
AI involvement Assisted code scaffolding and debugging, log summarisation, data analysis/visualisation and literature search support. Students must verify outputs, cite use of AI tools, and avoid uploading proprietary or assessment-sensitive data.
Recommended tools and environments STM32 or similar MCU development boards, Raspberry Pi / NVIDIA Jetson, typical sensors (IMU, GNSS, LiDAR, camera), CAN bus and logic analyzers, ROS2-based logging
Verification and Validation focus
Relevant standards and regulatory frameworks ISO 26262, ISO 11452 / CISPR 25 / ISO 7637, ISO 16750, CAN